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Effectiveness of respiratory-sinus-arrhythmia biofeedback on state-anxiety in patients...
Full Title: Effectiveness of respiratory-sinus-arrhythmia biofeedback on state-anxiety in patients undergoing coronary angiography
AIM: This study is a report of a study conducted to evaluate the value of psychological assistance including respiratory-sinus-arrhythmia biofeedback training in its ability to reduce the level of anxiety in patients undergoing coronary angiography. BACKGROUND: Coronary angiography has been reported to cause anxiety and emotional stress. METHODS: Between March 2004 and January 2005, 212 patients undergoing routine elective coronary angiography for the evaluation of stable coronary artery disease were randomized into two groups. In the psychological support group (n = 106) a structured psychological conversation and respiratory-sinus-arrhythmia biofeedback training were offered prior to coronary angiography. In the control group (n = 106) standard care and information was provided without psychological support. State-anxiety was measured (scale 20-80) 1 day prior to and after coronary angiography, along with blood pressure and heart rate. FINDINGS: Prior to coronary angiography, state-anxiety was 54.8 +/- 11.5 (mean +/- SD) in the control group and 54.8 +/- 12.6 in the psychological support group. After coronary angiography, state-anxiety was 47.9 +/- 18.5 in the control group but 28.3 +/- 12.5 in the psychological support group (Wilcoxon rank sum test W = 7272, P < 0.001). Blood pressure was statistically significantly lower in the psychological support group prior to the intervention and the day after coronary angiography. CONCLUSION: Psychological support including respiratory-sinus-arrhythmia biofeedback is an effective and simple tool that could be used by nurses to reduce state-anxiety and emotional stress in patients undergoing coronary angiography.
J Adv Nurs. 2010 May;66(5):1101-10. Mikosch P, Hadrawa T, Laubreiter K, Brandl J, Pilz J, Stettner H, Grimm G. Department of Internal Medicine 2, General Hospital Klagenfurt, Austria. peter.mikosch@tele2.at
Cyber bullying seems to be an invention of the Internet era. This form of cowardly bullying involves someone – who is frequently anonymous – communicating through e-mail or social media sites in a very threatening manner. Like bullying that involves the bully being present in person, one cyber bully is almost always joined by others who join in on the frenzy.
As I have written frequently, all bullying is a manifestation of instinctual dominance play in which one or more person’s seek to prey on those who are deemed to be helpless. While this is normally a matter of brawn, in more...
The three most popular assisted techniques for shedding those extra pounds are pills, hypnosis, and surgery. The problem with the first is that using pills for weight reduction means that most people must needlessly rely upon them if they are to keep their weight off. And, don’t forget the side effects. People react differently. Some medications even come with warnings of death through heart failure and change in personality. Yet, pills are still very popular in our quick-fix culture.
Surgery, such as fatty tissue removal or lap-band operations, is another alternative. For those people...
When it comes to trusting another person or organization, it is all about predictability. Does the other entity conform with pre-existing patterns of expectation? If not there is a high-level of uncertainty. While we would always like our expectations be met, that is not always the case. Therefore, it is a matter of judgment whether there's a reasonable expectation of predictability or not. It is reasonable that over time a person will develop a reasonably accurate ability to judge. However, if that level of confidence never develops, it could be said that the person has a significant problem...
